第一课 --简单句

一、什么是英语的句子

必须具备主谓结构。并且主语一定是谓语动作的发出者，如果有宾语的话，宾语一定是谓语动作的对象或承受者。

eg:The air plane is arriving at the Beijing Captial air port.

eg:A babar will cut my hair

　 I will ask a babar to cut my hair.

　 Have you fed the pig?

二、英语句子的基本结构

1、主谓

　　eg：He died.

　　　　 We laughed.

2、主谓宾

　　谓语：实义动词

3、主谓表

　　谓语：系动词　　·be

　　　　　　　　　　·感官动词（look(在写作时相当于seem，appear),smell(n.气味),taste（n.喜爱；eg：have taste for sth 喜爱..东西）,sound（n.声音，adj.甜美的eg：your sound sounds sound）,feel）

　　　　　　　　　　·变化：bacome,get,trun,grow,fall;

　　　　　　　　　　·保持：keep，stay,remain,stand

4、主谓双宾

5、主谓宾宾补

　　·I brought him a dog.(双宾)

　　·You should keep the room clean and tidy.（宾补）

主谓双宾和主谓宾宾补之间的区别在于，只需要在最后两个宾语之间加谓语动词be，如果读起来意思对那么是主谓宾宾补，如果不对则为主谓宾宾。

三、句子的成分（词性的问题）！！

1、谓语

（1）谓语的成分

eg:Your mother must (be)very beautiful.//情态动词不能做谓语

有时态的实义动词或系动词充当谓语；

（2）一句话当中动词能不能多？

绝对不能！一句话当中只能有一个动词的存在，并且充当谓语，多余的动词全部都要变成，非，谓语动词。

谓语只能是动词。动词只能作谓语。

eg :

·Laugh at others is my dream.（动词不能做主语）//Laughing at ...(动名词做主语)

·I enjoy see movies.（动词不能做宾语）//enjoy seeing...(动名词做宾语)

·My dream is become a rich lady.（动词不能做表语）//to became/becaming(动词不定式或动名词做表语)

所以我们要把一个句子中不做谓语的动词都变成不是动词！（即非，谓语动词）·V-ing：表主动；·V-ed：表主动；·to do：表目的。

 所以非，谓语动词可以做一个句子中的任何成分除了谓语。

练习：

他穿上外衣，锁上门，离开了家。

he leaving the house with coat on and door locked;(试译)

例句：He putting on his jacket,locking the door,left home.//主语：he;谓语：left（具有时态）putting..locking the door(句中做状语，表主动)

大熊猫是熊科中最罕见的成员，主要生活在中国西南部的森林里。

Panda is the rarest member in bear ,mainly living in the forest of  southwestern China.

例句:Pandas are the rarest members in bear family,mainly living in the forest of Chinese Southwest.

长江流经不同的生态体系，是中国濒危物种的栖息地，灌溉了中国五分之一的土地。

Yangzi river running through different ecosystem,is the habitate of China's endanger species,warting one fifth land of China.

例句：YangZi River flowing through diverse ecological systems,keeps the home of a sea of endangered species,irriganting chinese 1/5 land.

我爱你，你爱我。

I love you,you love me.

例句：I loving you,you love you.(独立主格主语不同)//两句话并程一句话，只能有一个谓语！！

冬天来了，春天就不远了。

Winter coming,spring is not far.

例句：Winter approaching,spring will be around the corner.

//短句变成长句的方法：1、独立主格 2、并列句 3、从句

我是一个老师，我很喜欢唱歌

I am a teacher , i loving singing.

例句：Being a teacher,i have passion for singing songs.(主语相同，则省略一个主语，即分词作状语)

（3）一句话中动词能不能少？

绝对不能，当一句话需要动词有没有动词的时候，永远都加be动词，并且be动词没有意思。

Your mother must  very beautiful;-->Your mother must be very beautiful;

I against you.-->I am against you.//aganist prep.

谓语的总结：一句话当中，有且只能有一个有时态的实义动词或者系动词的存在，并且充当谓语。

2、主语

（1）主语的成分

名词、代词、非 谓语动词、从句（引导词加句子）。

·Handsome and strong are his nature(wrong!).-->Handsomeness and strength are his nature.

-->Being handsome and strong is his nature.

·I am a tercher.

·My jib is to teach English.

·Helping you learn English well is my task.

(2)主语能不能少？

绝对不能，那一句话没有主语时该怎么办呢？

北京很冷。（主语是天气，谓语是is）

1）加it作为主语：必须与天气、温度、时间有关系。

雨一直下。（主语是天，所以是，It is rainy ./It has rained）

机舱里很闷。（It feels exceedingly hot in the cabin.）

2)there be(exist/seem/remain) 句型，当听到“有”的时候使用。

河南有很多人。

there exist a host of undergraduates being fascinated with me.(be fascinated with 喜欢；喜爱；痴迷)

3）!!!被动：当一句话没有主语或者听到人称代词做主语时都可以写成被动。

必须指出坚持很重要

Inist is very important has been pointed out.

例句：Persistence must be pointed out outstandingly crucial.

越来越多的人认为过度捕捞很严重。

例句：Overfishing is claimed more than fearful by an increasing amount of professors.

三种情况无被动：·动词后面有介词时，无被动（不及物动词）

　　　　　　　　·系动词没有被动

　　　　　　　　·have表达“有”的意思时，无被动

4）人称代词做主语（I you we）不到万不得已做好不要使用

如果有梦想，就应该会成功

It may be success,if we have dream.

例句：分析，与天气时间温度无关，不能用it,前半句出现有用there be句型，后半句可以用被动。

If there exists a dream, glories are supposed to be achieved.

3、宾语

名词、代词、非 谓语动词、从句

主语和宾语可以通过被动来交换位置，所以主语和宾语的作用相同。

4、表语

名词（I am a teacher.）、代词（Tiechui is me.）、非 谓语动词（My dream is to become a poet）、形容词（I am beautiful.）、介词短语（I am in Chongqing.）

练习

I like being (to be) in Chongqing.

I like CQ　　　　//介词短语不能做表语，所以要把他变成非 谓语动词，名词等等。

Ladies love beauty./Ladies love being beautiful.(名词和非 谓语动词做宾语)

I smile on the stage.(主谓结构，非主谓宾因为介词短语不能作宾语，也非主系表，因为smile是实义动词，此时on the stage 为状语成分)

I exchange with my watch.(exchange是实义动词，其后必须接宾语，即exchange sth.所以该句子，I exchange your phone with my watch.(非官方修改))。

四、简单句的考点分析

1、写作

（1）所有写不来的长难句暂时都先写成简单句，一定要保证语法正确。

越来越多的大学生自杀，这个事实表明，我们应该关注这个话题了。

The increasing number of underguaduates killed themselves,the fact of this suggest that,we should foucs on this issue.

例句：The evidence that an increasing number of undergraduates commit suicide indicates that the problem should be care about.

拆成简单句：more and more university students commit suicide,(killed themselves)+we should pay attention to this problem.

The lady who is standing on the stage is very beautiful.-->There is a lady on the stage.+she looks very beautiful.

(2)所有写不来的单词都可以写成自己会的词汇。

2、长难句分析

长难句分析：分析长难句的第一步就是找这句话的动词也就是谓语，从而找到一句话的主谓宾。如果一句话当中找到多个动词，就确定主句的动词（前面没有用到引导词的谓语动词就是主句的谓语动词。）

练习题：

1、这两天心里很不爽。//没有动词，主语应该是“我”

the mood these days are not good.

例句：I feel upset these days.

2、全球在变暖。

It is growing warmmer globally.

例句：It is becoming warm throughout the world.

3、嫉妒本身就是一种仰望

Be jealous itself is a admiring.(Being!!)

例句：嫉妒（jealous）仰望（worship）

　　 Jalousness(Being jealous) is a kind of worship.

4、有意义就是好好活。好好活就是做有意义的事情。

Being significant is to living well.Living well is to do something significance.

例句：Being meaningful proves to live well(living well).Living well seems to do meaningful things.

5、建议政府采取措施来缓解这个问题。

Suggesting gorvenment taking measures to release this problem.

例句：Authroities should be suggested to take measures so as to (in order to /to) relieve the problem.

6、毫无疑问，溺养孩子这个问题已经越来越严重了

There is no doubt that spoilling kids have been increasingly sever.

例句：There is(exists/remains/seems) little doubt that,

7、保护运动员是应该的。

The althlete should be protect.//Pretecting althlete is nature.

例句：运动员应该被保护。